Benefits And Limitations Of A Physical Education Learning...

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the benefits and limitations of a Physical Education learning theory. In doing so, the selected learning theory will be compared and contrasted with basic learning theories and concepts. Firstly, the selected learning theory will be outlined. Secondly, this paper will discuss behaviourist approach to learning. Finally, to summaries this paper, the reader will get a greater understanding ofbehaviourist approach to learning.To put this discussion into context there now follows a definition of learning and a brief description of the behaviourist theory. Learning can be defined as relatively permanent change in, or acquisition of, knowledge, understanding, or behaviour (Jarvis, Holford and Griffin, 2003). Essentially learning can be understood from a behavioural or cognitive/constructivist perspective (Pissanos and Allison, 1993).Stemming largely from the work of Pavlov and Skinner, behaviourist learning is a widely known approach to learning (Jarvis, Holford and Griffin, 2003). Psychologist, John B. Watsonoriginated the theory of behaviourism. Watsons view on the theory was to only concern itself with the study of behaviour. Watson s work was based on the experiments of Ivan Pavlov, and classical conditioning. (Ausabel, 2012).It is believed that if a behavioural pattern is repeated, it eventually becomes automatic. Behavioural theorist’s view the learning process as a passive activity and believe that knowledge is given (Marton Booth,Show MoreRelatedAward in Education and Training Unit H/505/00531354 Words   |  6 Pages1 Award in Education and Training. UNIT H/505/0053 1.1The teaching role and responsibilities are best understood through ‘The learning and teaching cycle’. The cycle consists of five stages – at which stage you start is not important only that each is completed. * Identify needs; normally done before any teaching, agreeing Individual Learning Plan, signposting to other professional bodies. Being aware of your own boundaries and limitations, determining a suitable physical learning environmentRead MoreThe Incidence of Childhood Inactive Behavior Growing at an Alarming Rate1750 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction/Overview It is accepted that the incidence of childhood inactive behavior is increasing at a disturbing rate. The physical activity level and health behavior of the youth population has the capability to be a valuable instrument in countering this undesired behavior and the obesity pandemic as well as lowering all-cause mortality (Tudor-Lock et al., 2011). According to the center for Disease Control and Prevention, childhood obesity rates have doubled among children since 1980 (McNamaraRead MoreSpecial Education : Purpose Of Schooling1548 Words   |  7 Pages Special Education (Name of Student) (Institution) Special Education Purpose of Schooling I believe that education is the most important tool that any person can possess in life. An educated person can find numerous opportunities for personal and professional development regardless of their environment, social background and economic ability. While it is a universal right, millions of people around the world are still denied the opportunity to access education because of various reasonsRead MoreLearning Modalities, Environment, Curriculum and Personnel in Early Childhood Education1593 Words   |  7 Pagesneeds child in the early childhood education environment. Learning modalities will be defined. 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Psychologists and philosophers searched to understand the true nature of learning, why and how learning occurs at different stages in life and how it can haveRead MorePrison Models861 Words   |  4 Pages and this affects the physical design, policies, and programs that are implemented within each of the models. Custodial Model Archaic Purpose: Control, focus is on maintaining security and order. Goal: Punishment, this is the best way to provide deterrence against future crime. Focus: Prisoners must be punished for their wrongdoings and prison life must be made so unpleasant so that offenders will hesitate to commit any new crimes upon release. Theory: Classical, belief thatRead MoreEffects Of Manipulative Materials On Mathematics Instruction Essay1684 Words   |  7 Pagesof manipulative materials in mathematics instruction. Journal for research in mathematics education, 498-505. 1. Main argument or point? The paper argues that effectiveness in usage of manipulative learning depends on prolonged usage of concrete symbolic materials in learning and teaching across the ages in child learning process. However, the paper does not clearly outline particular manipulative learning that should be employed across the grades. 2. Structure of the argument: main sub-points andRead MoreIntroduction Of Ibm Spss Statistics 21 Essay1734 Words   |  7 Pagescounseling and 62.9% felt that someone with a mental illness would benefit from medication, compared to 81.8% for counseling and 78.9% for medication on Survey B. On Survey A, 41% believed someone with a mental illness has brain abnormalities and 47.9% believed that physical THE VARIABILITY OF MENTAL ILLNESS 10 changes occur in a brain of someone with a mental illness, compared to 77.6% for brain abnormalities and 77.6% for physical changes on Survey B. On Survey A, 88.2% of participants would encourageRead MoreSocial Cultural Theory: Vygotsky Essay1236 Words   |  5 PagesReflective learning response 1 There are a number of ways as a teacher that I can use Vygotsky’s socio-cultural theory within the classroom to enhance student’s learning and development. Vygotsky’s main idea was that learning and development should be a social collaborative activity and through scaffolding the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) this learning can and will be achieved (Bodrova Leong, 2007). The interaction between children is just as crucial as interactions children have with adultsRead MoreSocial and environmental variables affect cognitive development. Cognitive development focuses on1300 Words   |  6 Pagesmaturity process and, unlike Vygotsky, he underestimated the role of language and social interaction and his theory wasn’t useful in the teaching field. However, both theorists believed that a person goes through a sequential process during their development. They were also both aware that one gains knowledge through experience and not through passive learning. Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory was his main focus and it helped him make sense of a person’s cognitive development through the way they interaced

Can Religion and Science Coexist - 1716 Words

Can Religion and Science Coexist? Gabrielle Berger Is it possible for science and religion to coexist? In both The Day The Earth Stood Still and The Man Who Fell to The Earth, the idea of science versus religion is questioned. The films show that our world is rapidly changing and how society reacts to events during those specific times by questioning spiritual faith. Certain sounds that are heard throughout both movies allow us to feel the tone that each movie tries to relay. These sound effects help the viewers understand moments of tension, fear, desperation, peacefulness, to name a few. In addition, certain cinematic techniques that portray quick cuts, long and complex scenes, and much more allow viewers to explore the relationship†¦show more content†¦In addition, having the film set in Washington D.C. symbolizes a post war and ideological struggle site. It was the most vulnerable place on our planet during that period and needed the most help. The Man Who Fell To The Earth brings people the scientific knowledge of poss ible life outside of our own world. Though a time period is never indicated in the movie, it is clear through the apparent technology and social trends that it is taking place in a time full of advancements. This idea creates a movement toward scientific insight and its fascinating appeal. Both films cinematic techniques are regarded as creating an examination of the existence of science and religion. Roeg plays no favorites between the camera movement and cutting. One moment may be a quick cut and another a long and complex cut. This depicts to the audience what the world is like. It elicits an emotional response in the viewers mind, and allows them to feel what the film is trying to portray. Both the cuts and the music together create a tone for the tension and allow us to feel religion and science as a working belief system. However, in The Man Who Fell To The Earth, the cinematic techniques allow us to feel the emotions that are portrayed. For example, in the scene where Thomasà ¢â‚¬â„¢ loved ones are shown, the music, editing, lighting, and sound create a sense of sorrow and sadness. It creates a memory forShow MoreRelatedReligion and Science: Can They Coexist in the Modern World2284 Words   |  10 PagesReligion and Science: Can They Coexist in the Modern World Since the dawn of man, humans have struggled to explain the many mysteries of the universe, and to justify their existence in it. Throughout this journey of self-understanding, numerous standpoints about human existence have evolved and merged into a complex, abstract manifestation called religion. 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Stringer Friday English 101 Class 12/05/14 Similarities and Differences of Science and Religion Where do we come from? Why are we here? And What is our purpose are questions that many of us ask ourselves sometime. During the debate on, Does Science Refutes God?, it is well seen that science can overthrow the credibility of God because science has a lot of relevant studies and conclusions, but it certainly does not refute God. It is clearly seen that shermer and KrauzeRead MoreThe Forest Of Gombe By Jane Goodall1165 Words   |  5 PagesBefore science is introduced to the human society, people always use religious beliefs to describe the mysterious phenomenon. However, as science becomes advanced, people gradually lost in the relationship between it and religious beliefs. In the essay â€Å"In the Forest of Gombe†, Jane Goodall spends long time with chimpanzees in the forests to recover from her husband’s death. During this period, she learns new ideas from the chimps and finds herself back, and understands the complicated relationshipRead MoreThe Star by Arthur C . Clarke and the Juxtaposition of Science and Religion704 Words   |  3 Pages When dwelling into the explorations about science and religion, one can find it quite amusing. If science and religion are to continue to coexist it seems opposed to the conditions of modern thought to admit that this result can be brought about by the so-called water-tight compartment system which, even at the present time, is frequently extolled or considered possible.(Boutroux, 406) Two powerful forces that coexist yet each of them deny one another, but yet they define one another. TheRead MoreAnalysis Of Barbara Kingsolvers A Fist In The Eye Of God1728 Words   |  7 Pagesof phenomena† (Kingsolver 208). The contrasting interpretation of â€Å"theory† results from the fluctuating amount of information circulating on this term. Although the word â€Å"theory† is a prime example of how people interpret ideas distinctively, people can develop new insights on their previous ideas or thoughts once they gain more knowledge from books or experience. Barbara Kingsolver, a biologist, conveys in her essay, â€Å"A Fist in the Eye of God,† that humans are divided over the acceptance of evolutionRead MoreLife Of Pi By Yann Martel1068 Words   |  5 Pagesfollows a young protagonist named Piscine Patel, Pi, and his journe y of hope and courage. His strength is grounded in his faith and religion, as well as his admiration for the startling world of science, and teaches that both science and religion can offer a unique perspective on the world around us. Pi has the simple yet extraordinary notion that even scientists can take a â€Å"leap of faith† (1), which enables them to be viewed in the religious community as â€Å"brothers† (4), rather than viewed as enemiesRead MoreWhat Would Darwin Say?872 Words   |  4 Pages What Would Darwin Say? Religion and Evolution Katrina Venta ANT 111 Professor Emerson February 12, 2017 Science without religion is lame; religion without science is blind.† —Albert Einstein For centuries, science and religion have been rendered rather incompatible. People from both sides of the argument have tried to prove why religion and science are not intertwined, while some have argued that both can coexist. If Charles Darwin were alive today doing more research, I

Laughter Is the Best Medicine Free Essays

NAME: ASHVIN JAYABALAN I. C. NUMBER: 970202-13-5163 AGE: 15 YEARS OLD ADDRESS: BLOCK 47, 0316, TAMAN UNGKU TUN AMINAH, 81300, SKUDAI, JOHOR BAHRU TELEPHONE NUMBER: 0168099798/0168508226 E-MAIL ADDRESS: ASHVINPAULANTHONY@YAHOO. We will write a custom essay sample on Laughter Is the Best Medicine or any similar topic only for you Order Now COM NAME OF SCHOOL: SMK TAMAN TUN AMINAH BE CAREFUL WHAT YOU WISH FOR â€Å"Be Careful What You Wish For†. This is the phrases or topic that I am going to write an essay about it. First but not least I am going to explain the definition of the word wish. Wish means a feeling or to express a strong desire or hope for something that probably will not happen to us. We must not think that all of our dreams or wish will come true if there is nothing we do and rely on other people. On the contrary, we must also beware of what we wish for because sometimes it will come true and some we doesn’t want it. For example, we wish to become a popular and well-known person. Once we become famous, we will feel that something is missing which is love and happiness from your family or your loved ones that is far away from your place. From there we realized that what we wish is actually nothing and just to get close to the fans. So, we will regret and go back where we belong Everyone has their own wish and dream. Some of them wish that they could win over a jackpot million of ringgits or gambling in a casino. However, does this wish mean a lot for you or just to have fun. Actually my wish is to become a millionaire. Yes, although my dream is too big but I will help people in need such as old peoples, orphans and many more. I will help them by building a house for them to stay and as a shelter. This will makes them more comfortable to stay. I will also build a small school for urban poverty, child abandonment and abused child. They will have good education when they grows up and contribute to the country. Besides, I will distribute foods and drinks to the homeless in the street of Johor. This is because I’ve been blessed so I want to bless others. It can be as simple as giving a bag of rice or tinned food to someone out there who hungry. Every time I give I am answering another person’s prayer. As one says a great nation is not measured by the numbers of millionaires and billionaires, but the absence of the poor. There is a story that I want to tell about this topic. It is about a boy named Dexter. He lives with his parents in a small village at Perak. He is good in writing English essays. So, he went to America to continue his studies in essay writing. Then, he came back to his hometown in Perak and he wishes that he could become a great novelist. His wish came true and he was as happy as larks that he could become a popular novelist. Since then he had written many good novels especially one of his books entitled THE BEST FRIEND I’VE EVER HAD. This novel has received an award from the World Books Awards in London. Because of his novel, he had many fans and people whole around Asia. Now, he had become famous and he forgets about his family and also his loved ones. One day, he met with an accident on his way back home from work. He was rushed to the nearest hospital by the help of the people on the scene. Once his family heard the news, they rushed to the hospital. They felt relieved that Dexter had only minor bruises on his body and had a broken leg. Once Dexter awake, he was shock to see his family visit him. He regret that he had forget about his family and promises that he would go back to his happy and harmony family again. There is also a song that related to this topic entitled HOME by Chris Daughtry. This song says that we must be careful of what we wish for because some of our wish can come true and some we doesn’t want. He says again that he is not running from his family but he thinks that the places and faces are getting old. Besides, he thinks that love given by his fans is totally different with families love. In conclusion, we must know that every wish we ask for will have serious consequences later. So, we must think wisely before making any decisions because it’s no use to crying over a split milk. (733 words) How to cite Laughter Is the Best Medicine, Papers Laughter Is the Best Medicine Free Essays string(93) " can help free up your powers of concentration so that you can remember less routine things\." [-0][-1] Sign Up[-2] or Log In[-3] or Log In via Follow us on Pinterest[-4] HomeHYPERLINK â€Å"/Special:Categorylisting†ArticlesHYPERLINK â€Å"/Special:CommunityDashboard†CommunityHYPERLINK â€Å"/Special:Userlogin†My Profile[-5] Top of Form 1 Bottom of Form 1 Edit[-6]  ·Home[-7]  ·Ã‚ » Categories[-8]  ·Ã‚ » Education and Communications[-9]  ·Ã‚ » Learning Techniques and Student Skills[-10]  ·Ã‚ » Memorization Skills[-11] How to Improve Your Memory[-12] Edited by Ben Rubenstein, Theresa Mulligan, Tom Viren, Mike and 138 others 90[-13] ArticleHYPERLINK â€Å"/index. hp? title=Improve-Your-Memoryaction=edit† EditHYPERLINK â€Å"/Discussion:Improve-Your-Memory†Discuss[-14] Wouldn’t it be nice to just look at a page and never forget what was on there? What if you could never again forget a friend’s birthday? The bad news is, not everyone has a photographic memory, otherwise known as eidetic memory. Most of us rely on mnemonic d evices. We will write a custom essay sample on Laughter Is the Best Medicine or any similar topic only for you Order Now The good news, however, is that everyone can take steps to improve their memory, and with time and practice most people can gain the ability to memorize seemingly impossible amounts of information. Whether you want to win the World Memory Championships, ace your history test, or simply remember where you put your keys, this article can get you started. Edit[-15] Steps Memory Tricks [-16][-17] Memory Tricks[-18] Improving Your Memory 1Convince yourself that you do have a good memory that will improve. Too many people get stuck here and convince themselves their memory is bad, that they are just not good with names, that numbers just slip out of their minds for some reason. Erase those thoughts and vow to improve your memory. Celebrate even little achievements to keep yourself motivated. Ads by Google[-19] 3-Minute Chakra Test[-20] Take the Free Chakra Test Find Out Which Chakras Are Blocked†¦ www. ChakraHealing. com[-21] 2Memory is best practiced through association. [1] The reason that most of us can’t remember our friend’s phone number is because 535-3473 is just a string of numbers that have no obvious connection to your friend. In order to use your memory efficiently, the best way is to actively create an association for things you’re trying to remember. For example, write out your friend’s phone number: five three five three four seven three. Now try to create a clever phrase that starts with the first letter of those words: fairy tales feel true for some time. You’re now much more likely to remember that phone number.  ·Alternatively, you could create a story that involves 5 characters buying 3 things and doing 5 more things with them†¦ Use your imagination. The point is that you want to connect the phone number to something else. Throwing your best friend as a character in the story would be a good idea too. 3Association also works if you created vivid, memorable images. You remember information more easily if you can visualize it. If you want to associate a child with a book, try not to visualize the child reading the book — that’s too simple and forgettable. Instead, come up with something more jarring, something that sticks, like the book chasing the child, or the child eating the book. It’s your mind -– make the images as shocking and emotional as possible to keep the associations strong. [-22][-23] 4Group information together to help you remember them; this is called chunking. Random lists of things (a shopping list, for example) can be especially difficult to remember. To make it easier, try categorizing the individual things from the list. If you can remember that, among other things, you wanted to buy four different kinds of vegetables, you’ll find it easier to remember all four.  ·Another example: you probably won’t remember 17761812184818651898, but try putting a space after every fourth number. Now you can see that those numbers are years, and you can pick key events from each year to help you remember the string of numbers (e. g. , Revolutionary War, War of 1812, Mexican-American War, Civil War, Spanish-American War). Repeat information you’re trying to memorize to yourself every few days or so. This is called spaced repetition learning. We are more likely to remember more recent things and things that we’ve experienced with greater frequency[2], so repeating associations and mnemonics to yourself is a good idea. Start practicing every day, and you can gradually decrease the frequency until you remember it natura lly.  ·Flash cards are especially useful for studying. It’s essentially a card with a question on one side and the answer on the other. (You can also put two things you want to associate on opposite sides of a flashcard. In the course of learning a topic, you would have a stack of cards and would go through them testing yourself. Those that you got right you would put to one side and review a few days later. The more difficult ones might take several days to fix in the brain. However, how do you determine the ideal time to review the cards that you have temporarily remembered? Leave it too long and, like all memories, it may have faded and we forget the answer. If we review it too soon then we waste time looking at it. We need some system to know exactly when to review each card. This is where â€Å"Spaced Repetition Software† comes in. This software automatically works out the most efficient time to test you on each card for optimum memory retention. There are a number of free bits of software out there for you to use.  ·Cramming only works to put information in your short-term memory. You may remember the information for your exam the next day, but you will barely recall the unit when it’s time to take the final. Spacing out your studying is important because it gives your brain time to encode the information and store it in your long-term memory. 6Organize your life. -24] Keep items that you frequently need, such as keys and eyeglasses, in the same place every time. Use an electronic organizer or daily planner to keep track of appointments, due dates for bills, and other tasks. Keep phone numbers and addresses in an address book or enter them into your computer or cell phone. Improved organization can help free up your powers of concentrati on so that you can remember less routine things. You read "Laughter Is the Best Medicine" in category "Essay examples" Even if being organized doesn’t improve your memory, you’ll receive a lot of the same benefits (i. e. you won’t have to search for your keys anymore). When it’s time to study or remember something new, switch your breathing pattern to be slower and deeper. Deeper and slower breathing actually changes the way your brain works, by inducing the brain’s electrical pulses to switch to Theta waves. Theta waves normally occur in your brain in hypnogogic sleep. This is the stage of sleep when outside noises like an alarm clock can influence dreaming. It turns out being in this stage also can aid memory. A good example is the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon, when information you’ve been trying to think of all day suddenly comes back to you after napping or waking up from sleep. To activate your Theta waves, switch your breathing to your lower abdomen – in other words, start breathing deeply from your stomach. Consciously slow your rate of breathing too. After a few moments, you should feel calmer, the Theta waves should be flowing in your brain, and you should be more receptive to remembering new information. 8If the above advice does not work you may consider using nootropic supplements. Nootropics are generally well-tolerated and can help aid in improving overall memory. Racetam supplements like Piracetam are very popular for improving memory but there are also strong herbal nootropics like Bacopa and Huperzine A. General Advice 1Exercise your brain. Regularly â€Å"exercising† the brain keeps it growing and spurs the development of new nerve connections that can help improve memory. By developing new mental skills — especially complex ones such as learning a new language or learning to play a new musical instrument — and challenging your brain with puzzles and games, you can keep your brain active and improve its physiological functioning. Try some fun puzzle exercises everyday such as crosswords, Sudoku, and other games which are easy enough to for anyone. [-;25][-;26] 2Exercise daily. [-;27] Regular aerobic exercise improves circulation and efficiency throughout the body — including the brain — and can help ward off the memory loss that comes with aging. Exercise also makes you more alert and relaxed, and can thereby improve your memory uptake, allowing you to take better mental â€Å"pictures†. 3Reduce stress[-28]. Chronic stress does in fact physically damage the brain, it can make remembering much more difficult. After prolonged stress, the brain will start to become affected and deteriorate.  ·Stressful situations are recognized by the hypothalamus, which in turn signals the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland then secretes adrenocorticotropic hormones (ACTH) which influences the adrenal glands to secrete adrenaline and later, cortisol (corticosteroids). The corticosteroids can weaken the blood-brain barrier and damage the hippocampus (the memory center). Ironically, the hippocampus controls the secretion of the hormone released by the hypothalamus through a process of negative feedback. After chronic stress, it will begin to deteriorate and will not be as efficient in regulating the degenerative corticosteroids, impairing memory. Neurogenesis (formation of new neurons) indeed exists in the hippocampus, but stress inhibits it.  ·Realistically speaking, stress may never be completely eliminated from one’s life, but it definitely can be controlled. Even temporary stresses can make it more difficult to effectively focus on concepts and observe things. Try to relax[-29], regularly practice yoga or other stretching exercises, and see a doctor if you have severe chronic stress as soon as possible. Eat well and eat right[-30]. There are a lot of herbal supplements on the market that claim to improve memory, but none have yet been shown to be effective in clinical tests (although small studies have shown some promising results for ginkgo biloba and phosphatidylserine). A healthy diet, however, contributes to a healthy brain, and foods containing antioxidants   broccoli, blueberries, spinach, and berries, for example — and Omega-3 fatty acids appear to promote healthy brain functioning. [-31][-32]  ·Feed your brain with such supplements as Thiamine, Niacin and Vitamin B-6. Grazing, or eating 5 or 6 small meals throughout the day instead of 3 large meals, also seems to improve mental functioning (including memory) by limiting dips in blood sugar, which may negatively affect the brain. Make sure it’s healthy stuff. 5Take better pictures. Often we forget things not because our memory is bad, but rather because our observational skills need work. One common situation where this occurs (and which almost everyone can relate to) is meeting new people. Often we don’t really learn people’s names at first because we aren’t really concentrating on remembering them. You’ll find that if you make a conscious effort to remember such things, you’ll do much better.  ·One way to train yourself to be more observant is to look at an unfamiliar photograph for a few seconds and then turn the photograph over and describe or write down as many details as you can about the photograph. Try closing your eyes and picturing the photo in your mind. Use a new photograph each time you try this exercise, and with regular practice you will find you’re able to remember more details with even shorter glimpses of the photos. Give yourself time to form a memory. Memories are very fragile in the short-term, and distractions can make you quickly forget something as simple as a phone number. The key to avoid losing memories before you can even form them is to be able to focus on the thing to be remembered for a while without thinking about other things, so when you’re trying to remember something, avoid distractions and complicated tasks for a few minutes. 7Sleep well[-;33]. The amount of sleep we get affects the brain’s ability to recall recently learned information. Getting a good night’s sleep — a minimum of seven hours a night — may improve your short-term memory and long-term relational memory, according to recent studies conducted at the Harvard Medical School. 8Build your memorization arsenal. Memory pegs, memory palaces, and the Dominic System are just some techniques which form the foundation for mnemonic techniques, and which can visibly improve your memory. Memory pegs involve visualization methods in which you make use of various familiar landmarks, associating the to be learnt information to these various popular landmarks. This helps to trigger and enhance the memory process. 9Use Online Resources. Visit and participate in collaborative mnemonic websites[-;34] to remember words and concepts. 10Venture out and learn from your mistakes. Go ahead and take a stab at memorizing the first one hundred digits of pi, or, if you’ve done that already, the first one thousand. Edit[-35] Video |This video contains a variety of tips for memory enhancement. | Edit[-36] Tips  ·Memorize your favorite song or poem until you can say it to yourself without any help. Try to do this often. Most people’s brains are not very good at remembering abstract information, such as numbers. This is one of the things that separate those with eidetic memory from those with a great, normal memory. The key to being able to recall such things is to build associations and links that evoke the memory. This is why almost anybody with normal brain functioning can dramatically improve their ability to recall things using mnemoni cs. While building a memory palace, for example, actually requires that you â€Å"remember† more, by associating the thing to be remembered with other things (emotions, other memories, images, etc. you build more mental â€Å"links† to the memory, thus making it easier to access.  ·Visualize whatever you have to do as part of something you see every day. For example, if you have to give your dog some medicine, visualize your dog in your fridge every time you walk past it or look inside. This will keep your dog fresh in your mind.  ·There are also games that have been created to help you improve your memory. Playing some of these will help.  ·Take a tray of objects (say, 10 objects). Study them for 30 seconds. Take the tray away and write down all the objects you can. Increase the number of items to exercise the mind even more. Or, get someone else to find the objects on the tray; this makes them harder to remember and will test you more.  ·Leave yourself a telephone message reminding yourself of important â€Å"to do† tasks.  ·Try memorizing the order of a deck of playing cards. Although this may seem like a pointless task, it will allow you to discover memorization techniques that work best for you.  ·Put black ink at the end of your palm to remember any important thing for the next day or for that day itself. Whenever you see the black dot, you’ll remember what to do. Write in a diary or journal every day without fail. Even small issues should be written down — this is a good way to make sure you don’t miss anything.  ·A large number of memory improvement products are available (a search on the internet will produce hundreds of such products). Most of these products actually teach you mnemonic strategies, and while some are no doubt bunk, some are legitimate.  ·One easy method to help you remember people’s names is to look at the person when you are introduced and say the person’s name: â€Å"Nice to meet you, Bill. Another way to remember someone’s name is to visualize that person holding hands with another person you know well with that name. It’s weird but it works.  ·Write the event or task down immediately. If you don’t have a pen, one thing you can do is change the time on your watch; later on you will remember why it is set at the wrong time. You could also wear your watch upside down.  ·When studying, take a break every so often, and do something dynamic, run up and down the stairs a couple of times, go back to your work in ten minutes  ·Talk with somone about what you are trying to remember. Its easier to remember the more you repeat it. If you’re poetically inclined, try turning some things you need to know into a song or poem . Ads by Google[-37] Spelling Games[-38] Tons of Word, Math, Logic Games to Sharpen Your Brain. Free Download! www. APlusGamer. com[-39] Brain Exercises[-40] Improve Memory and Attention with Brain Games by Scientists www. lumosity. com[-41] Carpet Cleaning. [-42] Best Price. Quality Service. Pro Carpet Cleaning. 082-241502 jjcleaningswk. com/Best+Service[-43] Edit[-44] Warnings  ·Solve any personal or some concerns that bother your mind. Good memory means peaceful mind. While some herbal supplements that claim to improve memory may in fact work, there is no conclusive evidence that any of these are effective. Most are harmless, however, and may be worth a try, but exercise caution: some supplements can have harmful effects, and not all contain what they say they contain.  ·Exercise due diligence when purchasing a memory improvement product. Find out as much as you can about how the program works, and do your own research to determine if it will work for you. Some of these produ cts are simply scams. Be especially wary of products that promise to improve your memory instantly or with little or no ffort: effective strategies to improve recall take time and practice.  ·If you notice a severe or sudden deterioration of memory, talk to your doctor immediately. Sometimes these can be precursors to Alzheimer’s disease or dementia. Edit[-45] Related wikiHows  ·How to Memorize Lists Using the Pure Link System[-46] How to Memorize a List in Order How to Memorize a Grocery List How to Add 5 Consecutive Numbers Quickly How to Express Yourself How to Improve Emotional Intelligence How to Improve Mind Power How to Focus on Healthy Eating to Improve Exam Performance Edit[-47] Sources and Citations MedlinePlus (National Library of Medicine)[-48] Links to all sorts of scientific information on memory Wikipedia Article on mnemonics, with tons of examples NASA Tutorial on memory (with some fun exercises) Slate. com A review of some memory-enhancement products BBC Radio 4’s ‘the memory experience’ How to get smarter, one breath at a time Time Magazine article reporting on the impact of meditation on the brain. [1]  ·[www. nutsaboutmemory. blogspot. com Nuts About Memory] The latest tips, techniques, and strategies on memory improvement. ^ http://www. thememorypage. net/htiym. htm ^ http://www. thememorypage. et/htiym2. htm  ·[2] references to nootropics and their effects on memory Article Info Featured Article Categories: Featured Articles[-49] | Energy Longevity[-50] | Memorization Skills[-51] Recent edits by: Club_penguin7, Frostmaker84, Flower122 In other languages Espanol: Como mejorar tu memoria[-52], Portugues: Como Melhorar Sua Memoria[-53], Deutsch: Wie man sein Gedachtnis verbessern kann[-54], Francais: Comment ameliorer sa memoire[-55] Share this Article:  ·Discuss[-56] Print Email Edit Send fan mail to authors Ads by Google[-57] Soccer School in Madrid[-58] Soccer Boarding School Internationa Fooball Academy in Madrid, Spain www. intersoccermadrid. com[-;59] Subconscious Mind Power[-;60] Program your subconscious mind to create what you want, simple steps 7steps2success. net[-;61] Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 1,799,322 times. Was this article accurate? Yes[-;62]|No[-;63]| Write An ArticleHYPERLINK â€Å"/Special:Randomizer†Random Article[-;64] â€Å"† frameBorder=†0†³ width=†300†³ name=†google_ads_iframe_/10095428/IMAGE_RR_HEALTH_0†³ marginWidth=†0†³ scrolling=†no† Related Articles [-;65][-;66][-;67]|Exercise an Open Mind[-;68]| -;69][-;70][-;71]|Live a Long Life[-;72]| [-;73][-;74][-;75]|Boost Your Intake of Polyphenol Antioxidants[-;76]| [-;77][-;78][-;79]|Grow Old Without Feeling Old[-;80]| [-;81] [-;82] Ads by Google[-;83]  ·Games to Improve Memory[-;84] Memory Skills Test Memory Recall Exercises Brain Memory Improvement Improve S hort Term Memory Featured Articles [-;85][-;86][-;87]|Calculate How Much House You Can Afford[-;88]| [-;89][-;90][-;91]|Make Water Candles[-;92]| [-;93][-;94][-;95]|Treat Bruised Ribs[-;96]| [-;97][-;98][-;99]|Do Office Yoga[-;100]| Meet a Community Member [-;101][-;102] Meet John[-;103], a semiretired geek and wanderer who has been a member of wikiHow for over 6 years. 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sa=Lai=Cy395qsswUZuiLILCigeEyoDo How to cite Laughter Is the Best Medicine, Essay examples

Cult Essay Example For Students

Cult Essay CultsThere are many types of cults in the world, cults are everywhere but you just do not see them. Every person in the world has been in contact with them in one way or another in many cases you cannot see them. The closest cult we know of is on Rice Lake called the Moonies led by Reverend Myung, where I have currently visited. Cults can be involved in churches and even are earliest religions are called cults. Cults are not the strongest groups sects are the strongest group. When you join a sect you cannot get out of them but a cult you can leave without having any problem or commitment. Sects will not let you out because many times its illegal and they are afraid that you will say something to the public. Cults sometimes are illegal to. Religious cults are in every town and village there is no definition of a cult that is accepted by sociologists and psychologist or religion many types of activities will take cult like structures, an example would be any popular trend like physical exercise this is called the physical fitness cult. Famous athletes are a big figure when it comes to cults, many times Movie stars, professional athletes will endorse a product and a trend will start, making it turn into a cult. Also people who generate beliefs of something like flying saucer, aliens or any unknown figures can be cult. In religion when people call a church they are referring to a sacred organization having a highly structured or formalized dogma and hierarchy, but also allowing a bit of flexibility about membership requirements allowing you to go to a church and leave church when you want to. Although sects are against church attempts to accommodate to secular society. Sects believe that they are protecting a true faith or belief. Sects tend to stay away from world events , and also they believe in a strong strict behavioral code and demand a commitment out of their people. The differences between cults and sects are sometimes the same. Many scholars do not make di stinctions between the two. Cults are different because they do not expect as much commitment. Many times cults do not expect couples to become apart. Cults do not last as long as sects. Many times cults survive through a decade, and also cults allow you to come and go as you want. Leaders of cults build around a charismatic leader who has a lifestyle dedicated to a specific spirituality group that they know other people will follow. The word Mormonism began as a small cult then grew bigger until it became a sect and eventually into a church. All the new religions followed the same thing by beginning small and getting bigger than becoming a church. Contemporary Cults Cults go back as far as we know of life, cults began to get bigger and be known throughout the world in the late 1960s and early 70s as people were better educated and better understood how they were formed and how they were run and people began to join. During this time Youths and middle class people began to join cult s because of the in thing to do and they felt more secure about themselves. Cults really started to fascinate people when Jimmy Jones cult began in November of 1978 when all attention was focused on the mass suicide in Jonestown, a similar event happened in 1993 when federal agents engaged in a shoot out with cult leader David Koresh. Modern cults have many different practices and many different ways of leadership. Some cults have a flexible functional leadership, like the groups in the charismatic movement coming from the mainland Christian religion, other cults have people who run and orchestrate cult events, like Reverend Myung Moon leader of the unification church. The reason people are attracted to modern cults because it puts emphasis on community and on direct experience with the divine. In cults participants often find a level of social support and acceptance that they do not find in a nuclear family. This makes and generates a sense of belonging to something profound and a feel of being somebody. People who often join cults such as this, join because they think they are getting something the world did not give them. Several factors have been looked at to figure why people like are modern youths join cults. Factors that were looked at were drugs war assignation of many unpopular presidents. .u5789dc77b8b464e435d5a169c74bbc1e , .u5789dc77b8b464e435d5a169c74bbc1e .postImageUrl , .u5789dc77b8b464e435d5a169c74bbc1e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5789dc77b8b464e435d5a169c74bbc1e , .u5789dc77b8b464e435d5a169c74bbc1e:hover , .u5789dc77b8b464e435d5a169c74bbc1e:visited , .u5789dc77b8b464e435d5a169c74bbc1e:active { border:0!important; } .u5789dc77b8b464e435d5a169c74bbc1e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5789dc77b8b464e435d5a169c74bbc1e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5789dc77b8b464e435d5a169c74bbc1e:active , .u5789dc77b8b464e435d5a169c74bbc1e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5789dc77b8b464e435d5a169c74bbc1e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5789dc77b8b464e435d5a169c74bbc1e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5789dc77b8b464e435d5a169c74bbc1e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5789dc77b8b464e435d5a169c74bbc1e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5789dc77b8b464e435d5a169c74bbc1e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5789dc77b8b464e435d5a169c74bbc1e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5789dc77b8b464e435d5a169c74bbc1e .u5789dc77b8b464e435d5a169c74bbc1e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5789dc77b8b464e435d5a169c74bbc1e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Of building EssayCults have been questioned about brainwashing people, and found it to be true. Cargo Cults Cargo cults are usually neutralist and are in it for money. The word cargo refers to foreign goods possessed by Europeans. Cult members believe that goods belong to themselves and that , with the help of ancestral spirits, the goods can be returned to them through magic religious means. Brainwashing Brainwashing is the process of deliberately subjecting people to physical and psychological hardship in order to alter their thoughts and attitudes, and actions. It also is a process of totally cleaning a mind of one set idea and replacing them by another thought or belie f. This is called to indoctrinate cleaning a thought and putting a completely new thought in mind. Indoctrinating can take place without brainwashing. There are 2 aspects of brainwashing they are confessions of past crimes or errors of the past and re-education to new beliefs. Prisoners sometimes are made to confess by lack of sleep and food and other forms of intense physical discomfort, also isolation from victims families and from familiar surroundings. Cult leaders show obedience, and humility and make other members give social pressure to the new member to make them join. And the last thing they do is make mutual criticism and self criticism sessions, which make them have a generalized guilt feeling that all people have acceptance of new ideas is again fostered by group pressure and the anticipated reward of freedom. People who have a better understanding of psychology and neuophysiology have made larger groups create extremely effective brainwashing programs. Their techniques however have been used for centuries as inquisition making people give excited confessions from alleged heretics. Religions sometimes use these methods like scourging, rhythmic dancing and drumming and sometimes inducing a trance like state in which the individual is open to conversion. In the 20th centuries, most noticeably by the peoples temple of Guyana, whose membership committed mass suicide. Mystery Cults Mystery Cults are usually in the ancient times whose members believed that by means of the performance of particular secret rituals they would gain knowledge that people in the normal world would not have and that would make a mystical union with the divine. Mystery cults make their members feel they are god and give them a feel of immortality that they cannot be destroyed. Many times in mystery cults, cult leaders feel they died and were brought back to be god or Jesus. Conclusion In todays society, cults are one of the many unfortunate aspects endure in life. Leaders of Cul ts should be dealt with in a more serious matter. Cult leaders are con-artists and are people that like to control others. Cults should be controlled to protect innocent citizens from being taken advantage of. BibliographyCDROM: Religious Cults. Grolier Electronic Publishing Inc.. 1993 CDROM: Contemporary Cults. Grolier Electronic Publishing Inc.. 1993. CDROM: Cargo Cults. Grolier Electronic Publishing Inc.. 1993. CDROM: Contemporary Cults. Grolier Electronic Publishing Inc.. 1993. CDROM: Religious Cults. Grolier Electronic Publishing Inc.. 1993. CDROM :Contemporary Cults. Grolier Electronic Publishing Inc..1993 CDROM :Contemporary Cults . Grolier Electronic Publishing Inc..1993 CDROM Cargo Cults . Grolier Electronic Publishing Inc ..1993 VI

Back Office Processes free essay sample

Diagram to illustrate the chain of events leading up to an online purchase: Diagram 2: Diagram to illustrate the chain of events that an online purchase triggers: Diagram 3: diagram to illustrate the information that flows into and out of the organisation and between areas/departments as a result of the ecommerce process: Customer locates product they want to purchase. Customer clicks ‘add to bag’ Apply stock Code to customer account so link is set up between product and the account. Use product code to get data about product. Get data from cookie placed on PC about items previously being added to basket Has customer ordered any more items previous to adding this item? Display product data about item(s) on basket page Does the customer change the quantities of any items? Display changes Update cookie with quantity changes Increase/decrease quantity number by the quantity amount chosen. Does the customer delete any items from the bag? Delete save data of this item from cookie Update display with item that has been deleted not shown Does the customer delete any more items from basket? Does the customer continue shopping? Customer confirms these are the items they want to buy selecting ‘go to checkout’ The sign in screen is displayed as secure entrance to the transaction process Is customer a new customer? The Customer signs in by entering their email and password in the ‘new customers’ box Customer clicks continue and the account creation page is loaded. We will write a custom essay sample on Back Office Processes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Customer enters all personal details and click ‘I agree’ and then click continue. Does customer enter all mandatory information? Display at the top of the page that the customer needs to enter the fields he missed out or entered incorrectly Basic account is now saved to system including data just entered Next page is displayed securely Next page is displayed securely Customer Click continue Has the customer entered payment details before? Show user the payment page Customer enters credit/debit card information and clicks continue. All data relevant to this order is placed on the summary page. Customer clicks ‘place order’ and ordering process is complete. Orders office receives order from customer Is credit/debit card details valid? Save order with a created order number (for reference) on pending order database Send customer an email to confirm that their order has been placed Check that credit/debit card data given is all valid Send email to customer informing them that their card has been rejected and their data must be either changed or payment made by a new card Has Customer changed card data? Wait until pending orders database has new data Is credit/debit card details valid? As payment method is valid, send order to stock Are ordered items listed on the on stock database with correct amount available? Place order number on pre order database Are ordered items listed on pre-order database? Notify pending order database when items become available Items are out of stock at present Items are out of stock at present Has order been placed at suppliers for those items? Place order with suppliers Has decrease of items bought it below reorder level? Place order with suppliers Batch items together if able to and give label with order reference Send to packaging department Print customer receipt containing items title, description, price, postage cost, total cost, returns information, customer address, account number and order number Place customer receipt with customer item(s) Place items and receipt in most secure and cost effective packaging Weigh package and save weight to order number on pending order database Use weight to determine which would be the cheapest option to send with courier/postal service Save postal service type code to order on pending orders database Print appropriate label with receiving address, order number, account number and postal service type and apply label to package Check that labelling is correct by verifying to order details on pending order database Send package to dispatch department Pay courier/postal service amount die for sending this item Place package in suitable area for the correct service for dispatch Transfer order data from pending orders to completed orders database Email customer to inform them their item(s) have been dispatched Wait until transport arrives and takes package

Character Sketch Priscilla Lammeter Essay Example

Character Sketch Priscilla Lammeter Essay Example Character Sketch Priscilla Lammeter Paper Character Sketch Priscilla Lammeter Paper Essay Topic: Literature Priscilla Lammeter is one of the smaller characters in Silas Marner. She is the sister of Miss Nancy, and the daughter of Mr Lammeter whom she lives with at The Warrens. Priscilla is rather plain and frumpy. She is, Square-shouldered, clumsy, high featured. Priscilla is not embarrassed by her ugly looks, for her it isnt important. We know this because she says freely, For I am ugly theres no denying that. She says exactly what she thinks, such as, Well, it just popped out. This is also a part of her honesty which is why she says, For Im a bad un to live with folks when the dont like the truth. Priscilla is loyal and loving to her family; she is even prepared to wear the same clothes as her sister because she loves her. Priscilla is, good-natured self forgetful and has a lot of common sense. She is a pretty cheerful person. Priscilla is modest and sarcastic. The doctor says, She saves a little pepper to sprinkle over her talk. Priscilla is a bit bossy and organized; when her father gets old she looks after him. He says, She manages me and the farm too. This also shows her love and loyalty towards her family. Another good example of her giving in to Nancy is, I must dress myself like you. Priscilla is a spinster and therefore decides to take over her fathers farm. She loves farming and thinks, Theres nothing like a dairy if folks want a bit o worrit to make the days pass. She puts all her effort into farming and her family. This also implies that she is bored of normal life. She buries herself in farming because she has no children.

Consumer Psychology and Buying Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Consumer Psychology and Buying Behaviour - Essay Example On the other hand, the marketers need to incorporate their understanding in the involvement principle into the marketing campaigns in order to assist the consumer in their buying decision behavior. The marketing model that is most used by marketers has two distinctive parts. The first part entails a description of a population of ‘consumers’ who individual choose to buy various competing brands over and over again. The second one entails brand management especially when changing the attributes of a brand like the price, or quality in response to events in the marketplace. Several factors have been said to influence marketing. Once a company has carried out efficient marketing research, it is important to ensure that it introduces the approved product and/or service for the market. Location or place is an imperative aspect of marketing where products and or services are distributed. Marketing also entails promotion of products by given companies. It is used to inform cust omers about the new product that the company intends to bring into the market. The market must be dominated by the element of value for products and services. Most potential consumers tend to buy products or services sold at low prices. Loyalty denotes the likeliness of some consumers to stick to the same products. This serves as the key effect and determinism in the market. Psychology entails how and in what ways aspects of the actual products and /or services in the market influences people to make their choices, by possibly buying a product that is different from the previous one. Sociology entails the manner in which one person‘s buying is influenced by that of others. In essence, there is the tendency of people willing to buy the same brands as others leading to a lock in one product that dominates the market without even considering the fact that the competitors have more or less identical ‘qualities’ that may include price. Introduction Marketing is the sel ling of products and services to potential clients in a given environment at a given time. It basically entails the potential clients that are available and how to handle them. Hence, customer psychology and buying behaviour is necessary in any marketing plan because, clients are the most important elements in growth of businesses. Without marketing, potential customers are not able to learn about the existence of products and services they miss, and this leads to lack of success in business (Kinley et al 2010). Essentially, the large part of the marketing focuses on consumer behavior. Thus, application of psychology acts as a paradigmatic influence in explaining human behavior in terms of consumer perceptions and preferences of certain products and services. On the other hand, the marketers need to incorporate their understanding in the involvement principle into the marketing campaigns in order to assist the consumer in their buying decision behavior. In marketing, most consumer p roducts are designed in the manner that appeals to the customers, encouraging them to buy. Thus, industrial and manufacturer tend to focus more on understanding and manipulating products attributes (Kinley et al 2010). Nether the less, buying behavior is not a function product but also a function of the consumer, the social environment of other customers, the competing products in the marketplace, and the brand marketing strategy. Hence, it is important to first understand the psychology of the consumers, and the sociology of consumer groups or networks. The marketing model that is most used by marketers has two distinctive parts.

Karma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Karma - Essay Example It is an origin of ancient India used by religions. These religions included Hindu, Buddhist and Jain. In a religious view, karma is sometimes viewed as a way of punishing wrong doers. In the modern century, karma has lost its sensitivity as many people only believe in justice through legal bodies or revenge. Psychologists argue that this is caused by the lack of sensitivity and religious roots in the society. In India religions like Hindu, Buddhist and Jain hold significance sensitivity when it comes to karma. This paper will focus on the perspective of karma depending by the three religions. Additionally, the paper will highlight the difference between the beliefs associated with karma from the three religions. The nature of karma in Hinduism Hinduism strongly associates karma with God. This is the factor that makes differentiate their belief from Jain and Buddhism. In the latter religions, karma is not associated with any deity as everyone is believed to reap the effects of their actions in one way or another. In Hinduism karma is either a blessing or curse from God. Hinduism also has a perception that karma is not a punishment from God but is the resultant of someone’s action. Additionally, karma is generated and executed from the will of God. Karma in Hindu is executed by the slogan I you sow goodness you will reap goodness but if you sow wickedness you will reap wickedness. ... The nature of Karma in Jainism In Jainism, "karma" exhibits a completely different explanation from that usually understood in Hindu philosophy and other western religions. In Jainism, karma is known as karmic dirt, since it consists of very fine and microscopic elements that spread through the entire world. Karma is lured to the karmic field of a living thing because of its vibrations created from the activities of brain, dialogue, and body plus various cerebral dispositions. Therefore, karma can be referred to as the consciousness of a living thing. When Karma and consciousness are combined the life we live at the presented is created. The main reason why the understanding of karma in Jainism is different from other religions is that: 1. Karma is a natural occurring phenomenon which does not need any external force to direct its effects. 2. Jainism holds the perception that the karma of a living thing is changed not only by actions but also thoughts. 3. According to the Jain theolo gy, a living thing is introduced to the world when their karma can handle the worldly occurrences. 4. The karmic hypothesis in Jainism functions endogenously. 5. Jainism has the assumption that every soul has a capability of having nirvana and for this reason every soul should be treated equally. The nature of karma in Buddhism In this religion, karma is classified as cause and not a result. It is defin3ed by causes and effects rather than the effects caused by karma. In Buddhism, karma is dictated by the ability of a person to plant the seeds of goodness in their thoughts and brain in order to have good actions. The results resulted from ones actions are not classified as karma as since the fruits of one’s actions can be changed the

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 14

Economics - Essay Example The first situation is the traditional ‘capitalist’ approach where the government adopts a totally ‘hands off’ policy allowing the resources to be used by privately owned enterprise, reducing protection to local industry and agriculture by lowering import tariffs and allowing free competition. The second approach (communist) is heavy governmental involvement in the economy where all resources are publicly owned and the government decides their allocation and use. However, it is usual to find a middle path adopted by most countries including the US. Governments cannot distinguish companies that will perform well and their reasons for entering a particular area of the economy frequently targets serving of social causes and political ends rather that those of economics. Examples are, the distribution of wealth, regulation of competition, supplying infrastructure etc. This leads to a diversion of resources to non-productive enterprises and away from private hands that could have utilized the resources more efficiently and effectively stops investment/ competition from abroad. Freeing of trade can result in competition for goods and services leading to efficient utilization of resources, improved standards of living, and economic growth. Despite this, it is necessary for governments to address certain areas that private enterprise would otherwise neglect or the benefits of economic growth would not percolate down to the economically backward sections of society. For example, the defense of the country is not an issue that private e nterprise can attend; another example is the provision of health care, if completely privatized good health-care would become out of reach for large sections of the economically weak. Either the ‘neo-classical’ rationale of market failure in the provision of public goods and need to lessen the effect of externalities etc. or the evolutionary

Ethical Theories and Criminology

Ethical Theories and Criminology Four Ethical Theories and How They Relate to Criminology This paper will cover four ethical theories and how they relate or dont relate to the field of criminology today. The four theories deal with ethically making the right decisions and what influences the actions. Every action has a reaction and the reaction is the consequences of every action. The outcome of the consequences can dictate whether or not a theory can be justified as moral or immoral. The four theories are Utilitarianism, Virtue ethics, Divine command theory, and Hedonism. These fore are very important in the world we live in each in its own decision making process, but the main question that this paper will answer is does these theories have a strong impact in the field of criminology. The first theory is Utilitarianism. The way Utilitarianism is measured is solely by how useful or helpful an action is. How does an action contribute to all peoples pleasure or happiness determines the moral worth of the action. The problem with Utilitarianism is when a person does not do what is right even if doing so causes pain or does not make the recipient feel better or does not bring the recipient pleasure at the end of the action. The principle of Utilitarianism demands to approve or disapprove every action, according to the affects of the action if it appears to improve or reduce the happiness of the person or persons that are at interest. According to Mill (1861) he believes that acts should be classified as morally right or morally wrong only if the consequences are of such significance that a person would wish to see the acting person required, not merely influenced when acting in the preferred manner. What this means is that every act should be measured by its consequences and the recipient of the action would wish or want the acting person to make the same choice without being influenced by outside sources. In the notion of consequences the Utilitarianism includes all of the good and bad produced by the act, whether the consequences occur after or durin g the action is being performed. Summary In the field of criminology Utilitarianism occurs on both sides of the law-enforcement. If I was to look from the side of law-enforcement there are many situations were Utilitarianism is affective. First, the main role of law is to serve the community and provide help and safety to the public. When something goes wrong and the outcomes of the actions from the law are not pleasing to the public then that action is not considered to be moral. On the other hand if a person is killed in order to save others by the justification of the law, this makes the outcome pleasing to the majority and so the action could be seen as morally correct. Secondly, I will look at how helpful the public is to the success of the law. This could be seen as a form of Utilitarianism or not, depending on the situation. For example a crime happens and members of the community are called as witness, this would be looked at as a moral action. There is another side to this, the person who committed the crime is not getting any pleasure or happiness from the witness and so on the criminal side this action is not Utilitarianism. The second theory is Virtue ethics. Virtue ethics focuses or highlights moral character of a person depending on a persons job or requirements. In some ways Virtue ethics has a close relationship with Utilitarianism, because Virtue ethics also emphasizes on the consequences of actions. The differences is that Virtue ethics is not measured depending on the consequences, but Virtue ethics says that all acts are either good or evil, regardless of the consequences that follow. The main focus of Virtue ethics is helping people develop good character traits, such as kindness and generosity and less on what rules should we follow. By developing these traits it will allow people to make the correct decisions without having to be in a role or job. Virtue theorists work with people to help them break bad character vices such as anger or selfishness which stand in the way of becom ing a good overall person. With every theory there are problems that arise and with Virtue Ethics the problem is that developing character traits is not as simple as it may seem. Although the common moral decisions may come easily to people as to doing what is right, but there are many moral dilemmas that require a person to take careful reasoning and thinking before committing to a decision. According to Cline (2009) having the right character traits is just not enough for a person to make the right decisions, there are just no guarantees. There is nothing that shows that a person with good character is more likely to make the right decisions. In the field of criminology Virtue ethics has a major role, because every decision made within the law is viewed on the action itself regardless of the consequences. If the action was within the law and of good judgment then regardless of the consequences of that action it can still fit within the ramifications of being Virtue ethics, because the act is viewed as moral. Whenever you work in any field of criminal justice I believe that you have to develop good characteristics, because you deal with peoples lives. And as Cline said it takes more than good character to make the right decisions it take good morals. The third theory is called the Divine command theory. Just by the name it lets me better understand how decisions are measured as wrong or right. When I hear divine I think of higher power or God is in control of the situation. According to Austin Divine command theory includes the claim that morality is ultimately based on the commands or character of God, and that the morally right action is the one that God commands or requires (Austin, 2006, pg 1). What this means is that mankind is in some ways dependent on God and our moral responsibility consists in obedience to Gods commands. Also, Austin believes that within the divine command theory of ethics that an act cannot be said to be either moral or immoral, bec ause God either commands us or prohibits us from doing it. So the only way to classify an act as being morally wrong is by committing an act that God prohibits us from doing. Conclusion According to Augustine, (2008) the form of Divine command theory can be characterized by pointing out two major features. First, it is an analysis of only one set of moral concepts to be specific; it is an analysis of right, wrong, ought, and the other concepts that figure in the branch of normative ethics known as the theory of moral obligation. Second, not all uses of the terms right, wrong, etc., are linked to divine command; and, of those that are, not all are linked to the same set of commands (Augustine, 2008 pg 1). In the field of criminology Divine command theory really does not apply to the law, because it is more of a persons personal religious beliefs. When I think of criminology, I dont think that every decision being made is viewed as being based on Gods commands and being obedient to what God permits or prohibits. The fourth and final theory that this paper will cover will be Hedonism. There are two types of hedonism that I will talk about in order to give an overall ex planation of what hedonism means. Nature has placed mankind under the governance of two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure. It is for them alone to point out what we ought to do, as well as to determine what we shall do (Bentham 1789). Hedonism is a philosophy that says that pleasure has an ultimate importance in humanity. The first from of hedonism is motivational hedonism. Motivational hedonism claims that only pleasure or pain is what motivates a person. Bentham (1789) believes that if pain and pleasure determines what a person will do that makes them a hedonist when it comes to the determination of their actions. The second type of hedonism is normative hedonism. Normative hedonism says that only pleasure has value and only pain has disvalue, but anything that might cause or prevent the pleasure or pain is independent of normative hedonism. In the field of criminology Hedonism I believe does play a small part, more on a personal effect. I think that we act out of what feels go od to ourselves and to make others feel good, while moving away from pain or what does not feel good. In law when decisions are made they are made based on previous pain or unpleasantness that had been inflicted on other. And to stop the pain of innocent people members of the law make decisions based on what will eliminate pain and cause happiness

Essay --

There are three main reasons why nurses leave their profession in the hospital. The first reason is the relationships between other co-workers and physicians. Relationships may turn into a problem of miscommunication, which can cause major problems when communicating to one another and for the patient’s sake. Dr. Kerfoot states that relationship complications may lead to nurses fighting among themselves and not supporting one another, (Becker’s Hospital Review). Another reason for nursing turnover is staffing. In staffing, nurses may feel that their personal standards are not met by other workers and feel unworthy. Hospitals may also have acceptable staffing levels but unsystematic units, which can make giving orders a pain. The last reasons that many nurses leave their jobs are due to personal reasons. A nurse’s job is very stressful and can cause nurses to become fatigue, and dislike their current jobs; nurses are prone to making mistakes and medical errors ( ANA, 2014). Nursing shortage and nursing turnover can deeply affect the future care of a patient and the concord in the healthcare system. Healthcare facilities take awareness of the situation among nurses and chose to carry out the situation in specific ways. Contributing Factors to Nursing Shortage Nursing shortage is a crisis in hospitals nationwide. The main contributing factors on the current shortage are the steep population growth resulting in a growing need for health care services, a diminishing pipeline of new nursing students, and an aging nursing workforce (Honor Society of Nursing, 2013). Many new managers want new nurses who are worth half the price as older workers; also many old workers are ready for retirement, so they are required to be paid more. Many ... ...ills of the manager can be divided into simple categories of: leadership skills, people skills, budgeting and finance, quality of care skills, and information technology skills. According to Porter-O’Grady (1997, 1999), he observed that advanced knowledge of technology has provided and changed the traditional hierarchy of leadership (Susan O. Valentine, 2013). Today’s technology takes grammar, spelling, and punctuation to a new level of error prevention, which can help reach out to key individuals and other staff member’s. For nurse managers, people skills include interviewing new employees and conducting staff meetings with others on future employees. Understanding the financial state of a health care unit is vital in finding a way to help keep other nurses and to keep them satisfied. Managers should analyze the situation and the budget crisis of all employees. Essay -- There are three main reasons why nurses leave their profession in the hospital. The first reason is the relationships between other co-workers and physicians. Relationships may turn into a problem of miscommunication, which can cause major problems when communicating to one another and for the patient’s sake. Dr. Kerfoot states that relationship complications may lead to nurses fighting among themselves and not supporting one another, (Becker’s Hospital Review). Another reason for nursing turnover is staffing. In staffing, nurses may feel that their personal standards are not met by other workers and feel unworthy. Hospitals may also have acceptable staffing levels but unsystematic units, which can make giving orders a pain. The last reasons that many nurses leave their jobs are due to personal reasons. A nurse’s job is very stressful and can cause nurses to become fatigue, and dislike their current jobs; nurses are prone to making mistakes and medical errors ( ANA, 2014). Nursing shortage and nursing turnover can deeply affect the future care of a patient and the concord in the healthcare system. Healthcare facilities take awareness of the situation among nurses and chose to carry out the situation in specific ways. Contributing Factors to Nursing Shortage Nursing shortage is a crisis in hospitals nationwide. The main contributing factors on the current shortage are the steep population growth resulting in a growing need for health care services, a diminishing pipeline of new nursing students, and an aging nursing workforce (Honor Society of Nursing, 2013). Many new managers want new nurses who are worth half the price as older workers; also many old workers are ready for retirement, so they are required to be paid more. Many ... ...ills of the manager can be divided into simple categories of: leadership skills, people skills, budgeting and finance, quality of care skills, and information technology skills. According to Porter-O’Grady (1997, 1999), he observed that advanced knowledge of technology has provided and changed the traditional hierarchy of leadership (Susan O. Valentine, 2013). Today’s technology takes grammar, spelling, and punctuation to a new level of error prevention, which can help reach out to key individuals and other staff member’s. For nurse managers, people skills include interviewing new employees and conducting staff meetings with others on future employees. Understanding the financial state of a health care unit is vital in finding a way to help keep other nurses and to keep them satisfied. Managers should analyze the situation and the budget crisis of all employees.

Four Software Development Methodologies

Student Name Student ID Student Signature Assessor Name Assessor's Signature Final Result / Grade Assessed By / Date Case Study Research (worth 20% of final grade)100 MarksSOF535: Application Design and DevelopmentVersion 1.1, Level 5, Credits 20New Zealand Diploma in Information Technology Technical Support Level 5Task 1: Requirement Gathering and Analysis(Total 40 Marks) comparison between four software development methodologies. Four Software Development MethodologiesWaterfall Development MethodologyThe Waterfall approach to systems analysis and design was the first established modern approach to building a system. This method was originally defined by Winston W. Royce in 1970, (â€Å"The Waterfall Development Methodology†, 2006). It quickly gained support from managers because everything flows logically from the beginning of a project through the end, (Jonasson, 2008). Sources differ when it comes to the specific steps in the Waterfall process.Rapid Application Development MethodologyRapid application development is a software development methodology that uses minimal planning in favor of rapid prototyping. A prototype is a working model that is functionally equivalent to a component of the product.In the RAD model, the functional modules are developed in parallel as prototypes and are integrated to make the complete product for faster product delivery. Since there is no detailed preplanning, it makes it easier to incorporate the changes within the development process.RAD projects follow iterative and incremental model and have small teams comprising of developers, domain experts, customer representatives and other IT resources working progressively on their component or prototype.The most important aspect for this model to be successful is to make sure that the prototypes developed are reusable.Agile Development MethodologyThere are many different forms of the  Agile development method  including: Scrum, Crystal, Extreme Programming (XP), and Feature-Driven Development (FDD).  Agile methods  attempt to minimize risk (such as bugs, cost overruns, and changing requirements) by developing the software in iterations that  are mini-increments of the new functionality. The benefit of multiple iterations is that it improves efficiency by finding and fixing defects and expectation mismatches early on.Agile methods rely on real-time communication, which fails to provide new users with documentation to get up to speed. They require a huge time commitment from the users, and is labor-intensive on the developers due to the need to fully complete each feature within each iteration for user approval. The benefits to the software are realized early on due to the incremental addition of the iterations. The Agile methods are similar to RAD, and  can be inefficient in large organizations. Programmers, management and organizations accustomed to the Waterfall Method may have difficulty adjusting to Agile, and often a hybrid approach works well for them.DevOps Deployment MethodologyDevOps deployment  is centered around organizational change that  enhances the collaboration between the departments responsible for different segments of the development life cycle, such as development, quality assurance and operations. It is focused on improving the time to market, lowering the failure rate of new releases, shortening the lead time between fixes, and prioritizing minimal disruption as well as maximum reliability. To achieve this, DevOps aims to automate its continuous deployment to ensure everything happens smoothly and reliably.Companies that use  DevOps  have benefitted by significantly reducing the time to market, improving customer satisfaction, improving product quality and improving productivity and efficiency of its employees. A few  drawbacks of DevOps includeappropriate methodology that is suitable for this project.It totally depends on the nature of the project. Many people might argue that Agile is the best methodology for software development and it does have significant advantages in most cases; however, saying â€Å"Agile is better than Waterfall† is like saying â€Å"A car is better than a boat†. They both have advantages and disadvantages depending on the environment.Agile/Scrum works best with projects that have high levels of uncertainty and require an adaptive approach. A plan-driven approach (what many people loosely call â€Å"Waterfall†) works best in situations where the requirements are fairly certain and there is some need for predictability of project costs and schedules. And, of course, that is not meant to imply that there is a binary and mutually-exclusive choice between two extremes. There are many ways to blend an adaptive (Agile) approach with a plan-driven approach in the right proportions to fit the situation.There is no â€Å"silver bullet† methodology that fits all possible projects and the right solution is to fit the methodology to the nature of the problem rather than force-fitting a project to some predefined methodology.https://blog.blackducksoftware.com/top-4-software-development-methodologiesTwo types of requirements1.Functional Requirements Functional requirements define the fundamental actions that system must perform.The functional requirements for the system are divided into three main categories, Reservation/Booking, Food, and Management. For further details, refer to the use cases.EXAMPLE 1.Reservation/BookingThe system shall record reservations.The system shall record the customer's first name.The system shall record the customer's last name. The system shall record the number of occupants.The system shall record the room number.The system shall display the default room rate.The system shall allow the default room rate to be changed.The system shall require a comment to be entered, describing the reason for changing the default room rate.The system shall record the customer's phone number.The system shall display whether or not the room is guaranteed. The system shall generate a unique confirmation number for each reservation.The system shall automatically cancel non-guaranteed reservations if the customer has not provided their credit card number by 6:00 pm on the check-in date.EXAMPLE 2FoodThe system shall track all meals purchased in the hotel (restaurant and room service). The system shall record payment and payment type for meals.The system shall bill the current room if payment is not made at time of service.The system shall accept reservations for the restaurant and room service.ManagementThe system shall display the hotel occupancy for a specified period of time (days; including past, present, and future dates).The system shall display projected occupancy for a period of time (days).The system shall display room revenue for a specified period of time (days).The system shall display food revenue for a specified period of time (days). The system shall display an exception report, showing where default room and food prices have been overridden.The system shall allow for the addition of information, regarding rooms, rates, menu items, prices, and user profiles.The system shall allow for the deletion of information, regarding rooms, rates, menu items, prices, and user profiles.The system shall allow for the modification of information, regarding rooms, rates, menu items, prices, and user profiles.The system shall allow managers to assign user passwords.

3 Types of Phrasal Verbs

3 Types of Phrasal Verbs 3 Types of Phrasal Verbs 3 Types of Phrasal Verbs By Mark Nichol Phrasal verbs are constructions consisting of a verb and either a preposition, a particle, or both. 1. Prepositional Phrasal Verb This construction consists of a verb and a preposition, as in â€Å"I take after him,† â€Å"We’re looking into that,† and â€Å"Please stand by.† 2. Particle Phrasal Verb This construction consists of a verb and a particle, as in â€Å"She didn’t want to give in,† â€Å"I decided to follow up,† and â€Å"He left out the best part.† A particle phrasal verb can also be interrupted by a noun or a pronoun, as in â€Å"He tried to look the name up,† â€Å"I handed the assignment in yesterday,† and â€Å"We worked the details out.† In these latter types of constructions, the particle can be relocated to be adjacent to the verb, as in â€Å"He tried to look up the name,† â€Å"I handed in the assignment yesterday,† and â€Å"We worked out the details.† Which alternative looks or sounds more natural varies randomly; in the first example, â€Å"look up the name† suggests viewing the name from a certain direction, while â€Å"look the name up† implies research, but the other two sentences seem better written when the verb and the particle are adjacent. 3. Prepositional-Particle Phrasal Verb This construction consists of a verb, a particle, and a preposition. Examples include â€Å"I’m looking forward to a vacation,† She sat in for me during my absence,† and â€Å"They’re not willing to put up with it anymore.† Note that many words serve as both prepositions and particles. As noted above, the phrase â€Å"look up† can refer to the act of directing one’s attention upward, but it also has a figurative meaning: When one looks something up or, to be more formal, conducts research sight, but not an upward motion of the head, is involved. Take care not to confuse phrasal verbs and compound nouns (sometimes used as adjectives) that consist of the same words. For example, one signs up for a class but attends a signup session, or simply a signup. Also, the prepositional phrases â€Å"in to† and â€Å"on to† are combined into one word only in certain circumstances: Into is correct when the reference is to a location, as in â€Å"I went into the doctor’s office,† a literal reference, as opposed to â€Å"I went in to see the doctor,† which is figurative. Onto is correct when you could precede it with up, as in â€Å"I climbed (up) onto the rock,† but in sentences such as â€Å"I want to hold on to this book,† the two-word form is preferred. Notice, too, that phrasal verbs are generally colloquial and are seldom suited for formal writing; a more succinct alternative is frequently available. And even in informal prose, writers should consider omitting extraneous adverbial particles when a verb alone would do, as in â€Å"help out† in place of help. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar 101 category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:75 Contronyms (Words with Contradictory Meanings)50 Idioms About Arms, Hands, and Fingers40 Irregular Verbs That Can End in â€Å"-t†